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- Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 00:07:38 -0500 (EST)
- From: "Frank A. Nagy" <fan@AOL.COM>
- Subject: Intoxication
- Sender: Drug Abuse Education Information and Research <DRUGABUS@UMAB.BITNET>
- Message-id: <01H6OEZY8OS2934ZBD@YMIR.Claremont.Edu>
-
- A while back Leora Lawton suggested and examination of books which appear to
- be contrary to our personal positions and a follow-up report to the list
- members regarding that particular work. Following is my submission.
-
- Frank Nagy
- fan@aol.com
-
- ======================================
-
- Intoxication: Life in Pursuit of Artificial Paradise
- Ronald K. Siegel, Ph.D.
- @ 1989
- Pub. E.P. Dutton, New York
- ISBN 0-525-24764-5
- Hard cover/Index/390 pages
- $19.95 US
- -----------------------
-
- While I have owned this book for some time, I hadn't ventured far beyond the
- dust cover finding the first sentence contrary to most of my then- (and now-)
- current biases. "Answering the ageless question of why we seek drugs, a
- renowned psychopharmacologist explains his controversial thesis: the desire
- for intoxication is actually a fourth drive, as unstoppable as hunger,
- thirst, and sex."
-
- In agreeing to actually read this book for this project, I prepared to myself
- to challenge my perceptions, set aside my biases and preconceptions as far as
- possible, and prepared for a read that would at once anger me and bring my
- "superior logic" forward to challenge Dr. Sieggel's thesis. What I found was
- totally different than what I expected.
-
- Fully the first half of the book is a review of a number of studies that Dr.
- Siegel performed in laboratories and in the field with a wide range of
- animals who were either trained to use various drugs or who used them
- naturally in their own habitats. While the information presented was
- interesting and, at times, moderately amusing, I had (and still have) a
- difficult time connecting the comparison between animal drug use and the
- theorized "fourth drive" in human beings.
-
- When Siegel eventually brings the book to a discussion of human drug use in
- Chapter 10 ("The Fourth Drive: Motivation for Intoxication") he seems to
- destroy his own theory when, on page 209 he writes, "Calling an event [drug
- use - FN] natural is sometimes just reporting that is happens." He goes on,
- "The motivation to use drugs to achieve these effects [pleasure, relief from
- pain, e
- tc. - FN] is not innate, but acquiredx We are not born with acquired
- motivations yet they are not unnatural - they are simply an expression of
- what we strive to be. The pursuit of intoxication is no more abnormal than
- the pursuit of love, social attachments,x or any number of other acquired
- motives. Man's primary biological needs may be body-bound, but his acquired
- addictions soar beyond these needs."
-
- It was at this point that I began searching with every word some hard
- evidence that Dr. Siegel had determined that "the fourth drive" truly exists;
- I'm still searching. For the balance of the book, he provides interesting
- anecdotal information regarding the effects of a number of drugs and
- combinations, but no information that would lead to proof that intoxication
- is anything beyond, uh, well... intoxication. He is quick to point out that
- some people use and some don't, that some people like drugs and some don't,
- that some people handle them well and some don't and, at the same time, that
- we're all essentially the same physiologically. It seems that "the fourth
- drive" that Siegel writes about could just as easily be the desrire to learn
- to be a plumber.
-
- There are a number of seeming contradictions in the book as well as what I
- can only describe as odd statements, some of which I feel are the result of
- poor editing or proof-reading.
-
- I steeled myself at the outset to be challenged by this book and to come
- face-to-face with some ideas and concepts that were foreign to my thinking
- and experience; I'm still waiting. If Dr. Siegel's purpose in writing this
- book was to prove his theory, he failed, at least with this reader. If, on
- the other hand, his goal was to provide a moderately interesting book which
- is very readable and which provides various tidbits of information which can
- be used a starting points for other discussions (his ideas, for example,
- about the question of drug legalization) then he succeeded.
-
- Perhaps the most useful part of the book is the 49-page bibliography which
- presents a vast list of resources.
-
- In summary, while Dr. Siegel's book is entertaining and a pleasant read, I
- doubt that the serious student of drug use will gain much new information or
- insight.
-